Healthcare professionals Questionnaire Strain Work related stress. The advantage of this questionnaire is that it allows for a multidimensional description of the different components of this problematic area besides its ability to quantify the overall stress level of those who have been administered the SPQR. Our results show that the SPQR is a useful and sensitive tool for assessing the presence of emotional stress related problems identifiable in a work environment. Today, the SPQR is still the municipal symbol of Rome, but opting for the tattoo is strictly a choice with vast meanings.
SPQR MEANING PROFESSIONAL
The development of this questionnaire is based on a multi-step process: a) Identification of all the relevant topics to work related stress and areas in the scientific evidence and their transformation on specific contents of 60 tentative items b) Exploratory factor analysis aimed to identify the best items (50) which could guarantee the maximum convergence on single scales (8), and the minimum redundancy between scales c) Validation of the 8 scales' structure by a confirmatory factor analysis (fully achieved) d) Factor analysis for a second level factor resulting in a single factor identified as the questionnaire total score (Stress Score) d) Reliability analysis of the questionnaire total score and the single scale scores (at optimum level) e) Validation by external criteria of work related stress identified in the presence of personal violence episodes experienced by a group of health workers with different professional profiles and from two different hospitals in Rome. We are proposing a new ad hoc questionnaire for the multidimensional assessment of work related stress, called Stress Perception Question- naire of Rome (SPQR) composed of 50 items. The SPQR symbol was first used by the Roman Senate when the nation changed into a republic sometime around 80 BCE., after the people defeated the last Roman emperor Tarquin. An application of stress focuses on the evaluation of its interference on work conditions, and the scientific evidence on work related stress is very ample and rich. The letters SPQR are the abbreviation of the Latin phrase Senatus Populusque Romanus, which translates to ‘ The Senate and People of Rome’. The acronym has been used continually for 23-24 centuries and is the oldest. SPQR was symbolic of the city of Rome 's identity as a civilized, democratic state belonging to the people and the Senate. Since the first definition, stress concerns the adaptation pro- cess mostly related to environmental changes. Mean SPQR is an acronym for the Latin phrase ' Senatus Populusque Romanus', which means 'The Senate and the Roman People'.
Stress is an emotional condition, mostly experienced as negative, initially identified and defined by Selye in the mid-thirties of the last Century.
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